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Arthropoda:
Hexapoda: Insecta: Diptera MUSCIDAE, FANNIIDAE & GLOSSINIDAE (Contact) Please CLICK on
Images & underlined links to view: Use Ctrl/F to search for subjects: The importance of this family as
serious pests and vectors of diseases has led to several biological control
projects to contain them (see bc-37.htm). Muscidae.-- The housefly, Musca domestica L., lays its eggs in decaying vegetable matter or animal
excrement. . The legless larvae are maggots with mouth
hooks, caudal and thoracic spiracles.
Their filthy habits of regurgitating saliva and food cause them to be
vectors of typhoid, cholera, and dysentery. etc. Either feces or regurgitations cause the flyspecks often found
on surfaces. Houseflies have been the
target of biological control in California and elsewhere (see ch-50.htm)
The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) can breed in vegetable matter. The adult's mouthparts are of the biting
type, and the adults resemble houseflies, but are grayer in color.
The hornfly, Haematobia irritans (L.) is also similar to the housefly but much smaller. It is a pest of cattle primarily and
breeds in cattle dung.
Glossinidae.-- Tsetse flies, Glossina spp., are confined to the African Continent and
Arabia where they are vectors of trypanosomes that cause Sleeping Sickness and related diseases of humans and
animals. They are distinguished by
having their proboscis held straight forward and by having a a forewing cell
in the shape of a cleaver. These large, noisy flies may cause severe bites on humans with
resultant swellings. In East Africa
they are especially prevalent around streams.
Fanniidae.-- Little house
flies. Fannia spp., breed in large numbers in animal dung, and are
especially numerous around poultry farms where they breed in such high
numbers as to invade surrounding areas causing annoyance to residents. They appear as small houseflies hovering
in huge masses. Their larvae are
distinctively flattened with many protuberances
on the periphery. They have been the target of biological control in
California and elsewhere (see ch-50.htm)
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<Hexapoda> [Additional references may be found at: MELVYL Library] Barin, A., F. Arabkhazaeli, S. Rahbari
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